Purpose: Because of the limited number of athletes, the drop-out rate of young gymnasts imposes significant threat to Korean gymnastics which have been quite successful at the international level. To avoid discontinuances in athletes` carriers and to maintain such successes, this study aimed to identify the factors influencing the level of adherence. Especially, in addition to the the previously reported effects of gymnasts` ego-resilience on exercise adherence, the mediating effect of self-management was tested. Methods: One hundred twenty six gymnasts were collected with purposive/non-probability sampling who register in Korean Olympic Committee (KOC). Frequency analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, structure equation modeling analysis were performed with SPSS 18.0, AMOS 18.0 and Excel 2010 programs, and significance of mediated effect was verified with bootstrapping. Results: The ego-resilience of gymnasts has positive relation with exercise adherence, and self-management fully mediates the relation between ego-resilience and exercise adherence.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the mediation effects for the coach-athlete relationship of relationships between perceived autonomy support and collective efficacy in pro baseball players. Methods: Participants (N=261; pitcher=118, infielder=92, outfielder=51) completed the questionnaires of the perceived autonomy support, coach-athlete relationship, collective efficacy. SPSS 22.0 was used to calculate the descriptive statistics, and AMOS 20.0 were used for confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling. Results: Autonomy support positively predicted the coach-athlete relationship. The coach-athlete relationship was only positively predicted to effective communication of collective efficacy dimension. Coach-Athlete relationship positively predicted of effective communication, trust for leader, and sufficient training of collective efficacy dimension. The relationships between perceived autonomy support and trust for leader, and sufficient training were mediated by the coach-athlete relationship. Conclusion: These results suggest potentially valuable practical applications for coaches, athletes, and psychologists in the professional province.

Purpose: The purpose of present research was to investigate a cross-validity of a modified version of 3×2 Achievement Goal Model (Elliot, Murayama, & Pekrun, 2011) for Sport. Methods: A total of 243 and 328 collegiate athletes(studies 1 and 2) completed achievement goals and other self-report questionnaires. Data were analyzed with reliability, temporal stability, confirmatory factor analyses (study 1), simple regression, and multi-group analyses(study 2). Results: In study 1, the 4-factor structure of 3×2 Achievement Goal Model extracted. Each goal variable had good internal consistency and temporal stability. Study 2 showed the strong psychometric properties of the measure. Multi-group CFAs indicated that the 3×2 model was partially invariant across gender and sport types. Conclusion: The results provide support for the reliability and validity of the 3×2 Achievement Goal Model for sport, and promise to yield deeper insights into the nature of achievement motivation among collegiate athletes.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of 7-day exercise deprivation on physical self-concept of habitual exercisers. Methods: Seven habitual exercisers who regularly exercised 6 to 7 days per week and 7 non-habitual exercisers completed a) Stage of Change Scale for Exercise, b) DSM-V Questionnaire, c) Korean Exercise Addiction Scale, and d) Korean version of the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire. Participants refrained from their regular physical activity for the next 7 days. The Korean version of the PSDQ were completed at the same time of each deprivation day and in-depth interviews were conducted on the last day. Results: The results indicated that habitual exercisers were significantly higher on the measures of physical self-concept compared to non-habitual participants. For habitual exercisers, perceptions of sports confidence, body fat, physical activity, flexibility, endurance, muscular strength, and physical self-worth decreased sharply and steadily as exercise deprivation continued. The results from interviews revealed that the habitual exercisers had negative reactions to the exercise deprivation and mentioned considerable displeasures about their decreased physical self-concept. Conclusion: The pattern of physical self-concept disturbance followed by unpleasant feelings with exercise deprivation might contribute to understanding why and how individuals became dependent on exercise.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the symptoms and causes of yips and how to cope with them through an in depth approach. I have selected 10 professional golfers comprised of 7 males and 3 female golfers who have overcome yips syndrome as subjects of this study. Methods: I have collected research data through in-depth interviews among individual subjects and withdrawn results through an inductive analysis on the collected data. The confidence and validity of the withdrawn results have been obtained by a triangular verification of three professionals and confirmation of participants and the final results obtained in this manner have been classified into the symptoms of yips, causes of yips and how to cope with yips. Results: The symptoms of yips are comprised of technical symptoms, psychological symptoms, physical symptoms, and situational symptoms. The causes of yips consist of internal and external causes. The methods of overcoming yips in psychological aspect include cognitive restructuring, psychological skills training, positive self-admission while those of overcoming yips in environmental aspect include advice, avoidance, rest, and mass media. The methods of overcoming yips in technical aspect include change in ways of practice and correction of swings among others.

Purpose: Team cohesion and team work are the usual components for explanation of team performance in Korean sport psychological field which is somewhat limited. So for the purpose of systematic and effective explanation of performance, this study was aimed to investigate concept of integral interaction among team members. Methods: Subjects of study were 255 middle and high schools elite players(soccer, basketball and volleyball). Results were extracted from often-ended questionnaires. Data were inductively analyzed through a meeting of experts. Results: With regard to coach interaction, players of team sports represented assimilation, communication and role, and represented assimilation, communication and dependence in regard to colleague player interaction. Conclusion: The present study has contributed to existing literature by providing basic resources to further develop the questionnaires in relation to team sports interaction. Furthermore, the findings from this research may shed light on the scientific and objective knowledge in performance improvement of team sports.